![]() ![]() PLUCB can quickly increase the accuracies to the level of SWLDA. The results showed the merits of PLUCB and TPLUCB. Results: We tested the performances of PLUCB and TPLUCB using stepwise linear discriminant analysis (SWLDA), a commonly used method that needs calibration, as a baseline in simulated online experiments. This approach, composed of two algorithms: P300 linear upper confidence bound (PLUCB) and transferred PLUCB (TPLUCB), is able to learn during the usage by exploration and exploitation and allows P300-based BCI to start working without any calibration. Methods: In this study, we proposed a calibration-free approach, which is based on the ideas of reinforcement learning and transfer learning, for P300-based BCI. One of reasons is that the cost of calibration reduces the convenience and usability of BCI. However, the extensive applications of BCI have not been fully achieved. The prospect of BCI serving humans is very broad. Conclusions: The proposed approach, which does not need calibration but outperform SWLDA, is a very good option for the implementation of P300-based BCI.Ībstract = "Introduction: As a direct bridge between the brain and the outer world, brain–computer interface (BCI) is expected to replace, restore, enhance, supplement, or improve the natural output of brain. Both PLUCB and TPLUCB have the ability to keep improving the classification performance during the process. TPLUCB has surpassed SWLDA in the sample accuracy since it starts running. You won’t see yourself - or the world - the same after confronting the elephant in the brain.Ī more detailed outline is also available.Introduction: As a direct bridge between the brain and the outer world, brain–computer interface (BCI) is expected to replace, restore, enhance, supplement, or improve the natural output of brain. The existence of big hidden motives can upend the usual political debates and cast fatal doubt on many polite fictions. In fact, these venerated institutions are in many ways designed to accommodate our hidden motives, to serve covert agendas alongside their “official” ones. Then, once our minds are more clearly visible, we can work to better understand human nature: Why do people laugh? Why are artists sexy? Why do we brag about travel? Why do we prefer to speak rather than listen?īeyond our personal lives, unconscious motives also lurk within large-scale social institutions such as art, charity, education, politics, and religion. The aim of this book is to confront our hidden motives directly - to track down the darker, unexamined corners of our psyches and blast them with floodlights. This is “the elephant in the brain,” an introspective blind spot that makes it hard to think clearly about ourselves and the explanations for our behavior. ![]() And thus we don’t like to talk - or even think - about the extent of our selfishness. The less we know about our own ugly motives, the better. Our brains are therefore designed not just to hunt and gather, but also to get ahead socially, often by devious means.īut while we may be self-interested schemers, we benefit by pretending otherwise. ![]() Human beings are primates, and primates are political animals. An important but unacknowledged feature of how our minds work an introspective taboo. An important issue that people are reluctant to acknowledge or address a social taboo. ![]()
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